Knobbly Sea Star

Protoreaster nodosus

Knobbly Sea Stars are named for the conical 'knobs' on their bodies. These protrusions look like chocolate chips, earning them the nickname 'chocolate-chip sea stars', but they also deter predators.

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Animal Type

Echinoderm

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Range

Indo-West Pacific

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Natural Habitat

Intertidal Zone

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Diet

Algae, molluscs, detritus

Conservation Status

Not Evaluated
  • NE
    Not Evaluated
  • DD
    Data Deficient
  • LC
    Least Concern
  • NT
    Near Threatened
  • VU
    Vulnerable
  • EN
    Endangered
  • CR
    Critically Endangered
  • EW
    Extinct in the Wild
  • EX
    Extinct
Extinct
NE
Not Evaluated

Species yet to be assessed

Find out more

Characteristics

The water vascular system of Knobbly Sea Star does more than just circulate nutrients—it also enables them to move. Thousands of tiny tube feet project from their underside. As water moves through their bodies, it creates shifts in pressure that may cause the tube feet to expand or contract. Sea stars can cling on to surfaces through vacuum and coordinate their feet to move slowly over substrates.

Feeding behaviour

These sea stars feed on relatively large prey using a clever strategy called extra-oral feeding. With the help of their tube feet, they pry open shells and push their stomach out through their mouth to begin digestion. Once softened, the food is pulled back into their body, allowing the sea star to finish digestion and absorb nutrients.

Threats faced/Conservation

Knobbly Sea Stars play a vital role in reef ecosystems and are an important bioindicator species for reef health. However, as their habitats are near the shore, they are vulnerable to degradation and human disturbance. This species is listed as Endangered in the Singapore Red Data Book.